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1.
Aquichan ; 23(3): e2337, 24 jul. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1517709

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In nursing practice, this concept has been identified in studies that address the nursing diagnosis of impaired spontaneous ventilation. Nursing performance facing this unwanted human response is considered essential for the maintenance and control of vital signs, cardiovascular monitoring, gas exchange and respiratory pattern, as well as constant surveillance aimed at signs of hypoventilation and inadequate ventilation. Objective: To analyze the concept of impaired spontaneous ventilation in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Methodology: This study is a concept analysis, according to Walker's and Avant's method, conducted using an integrative review. All the referential steps were followed: concept selection, determining the objectives and proposals for concept analysis, identifying the possible uses of the concept, determining the defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying a contrary case, and identifying the precedents and consequences of the concept. Results: A sample of 38 studies was selected. The following were identified as attributes: distress and fatigue, respiratory distress, tachycardia, hemodynamic instability, altered mental status, abnormal arterial blood gas results, dyspnea, anxiety, agitation, sweating, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Antecedents: sex, age, oxygen saturation lower than 90%, diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and metabolic systems, respiratory infections, trauma, poisons, toxins, and sedatives. Consequences: increased heart rate, decreased partial oxygen saturation, increased use of respiratory muscles, dyspnea, increased metabolic rate and restlessness. The model case and the contrary case were used to illustrate the attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Conclusion: The study directed the strengthening of evidence about the phenomenon and demonstrated a strong occurrence in patients who need assistance in intensive care units, thus demanding critical care.


Introducción: en la práctica de enfermería, este concepto fue identificado en estudios que abordan el diagnóstico de la ventilación espontánea deteriorada. La actuación desde enfermería para enfrentar esta indeseada respuesta humana es esencial para el mantenimiento y el control de los signos vitales, el monitoreo cardiovascular, el intercambio de gases y el patrón de respiración, así como para la vigilancia constante de los signos de hipoventilación y ventilación inadecuada. Objetivo: analizar el concepto de ventilación espontánea deteriorada en pacientes críticos en una unidad de cuidado intensivo. Metodología: Este estudio es un análisis de concepto, de acuerdo con el método de Walker y Avant, conducido usando una revisión integrada. Se siguieron todos los pasos referenciales: selección del concepto, determinación de los objetivos y propuestas para el análisis de conceptos, identificación de los posibles usos del concepto, determinar los atributos definitorios, identificación del caso modelo, identificación del caso contrario e identificación de precedentes y consecuencias del concepto. Resultados: se seleccionó una muestra de 38 estudios. Se identificaron como atributos: angustia y fatiga, dificultad respiratoria, taquicardia, inestabilidad hemodinámica, estado mental alterado, gasometría arterial anormal, disnea, ansiedad, agitación, sudoración, hipoxemia e hipercapnia. Antecedentes: sexo; edad; saturación de oxígeno inferior al 90%; enfermedades de los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular, neurológico, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular y metabólico; infecciones respiratorias; traumatismos, y venenos, toxinas y sedantes. Consecuencias: aumento del ritmo cardíaco, disminución de la saturación parcial de oxígeno, aumento del uso de los músculos respiratorios, disnea, aumento del índice metabólico e inquietud. Se utilizaron el caso modelo y el caso contrario para ilustrar los atributos, antecedentes y consecuencias. Conclusión: el estudio dirigió el fortalecimiento de la evidencia sobre el fenómeno y demostró una fuerte ocurrencia en pacientes que necesitan asistencia en unidades de cuidados intensivos, quienes requieren, en consecuencia, de cuidados críticos.


Introdução: na prática da enfermagem, esse conceito foi identificado em estudos que abordaram o diagnóstico de ventilação espontânea prejudicada. A atuação da enfermagem para enfrentar essa resposta humana indesejável é essencial para a manutenção e o controle dos sinais vitais, da monitorização cardiovascular, das trocas gasosas e do padrão respiratório, bem como para a vigilância constante dos sinais de hipoventilação e ventilação inadequada. Objetivo: analisar o conceito de ventilação espontânea prejudicada em pacientes graves internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Materiais e método: este estudo é uma análise conceitual, de acordo com o método de Walker e Avant, realizada por meio de uma revisão integrada. Todas as etapas referenciais foram seguidas: seleção do conceito, determinação dos objetivos e proposições para a análise do conceito, identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito, determinação dos atributos definidores, identificação do caso-modelo, identificação do contracaso e identificação dos precedentes e consequências do conceito. Resultados: foi selecionada uma amostra de 38 estudos. Os atributos identificados foram angústia e fadiga, angústia respiratória, taquicardia, instabilidade hemodinâmica, estado mental alterado, gases sanguíneos arteriais anormais, dispneia, ansiedade, agitação, sudorese, hipoxemia e hipercapnia. Antecedentes: sexo; idade; saturação de oxigênio inferior a 90%; doenças dos sistemas respiratório, cardiovascular, neurológico, gastrointestinal, neuromuscular e metabólico; infecções respiratórias; trauma; e venenos, toxinas e sedativos. Consequências: aumento da frequência cardíaca, diminuição da saturação parcial de oxigênio, aumento do uso dos músculos respiratórios, dispneia, aumento da taxa metabólica e inquietação. O caso-modelo e o caso oposto foram usados para ilustrar os atributos, os antecedentes e as consequências. Conclusões: o estudo teve como objetivo fortalecer as evidências sobre o fenômeno e demonstrou uma forte ocorrência em pacientes que necessitam de assistência em unidades de terapia intensiva e que, consequentemente, requerem cuidados críticos.


Subject(s)
Nursing Diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Nursing , Pulmonary Ventilation , Intensive Care Units
2.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 17(4): 148-152, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438471

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas (MPC) conforman un grupo de entidades originadas por alteraciones en la embriogénesis del pulmón y de las vías respiratorias que se producen de acuerdo al nivel del árbol traqueobronquial donde se dé el insulto o el momento de la edad gestacional. Las entidades que en la actualidad forman parte de las MPC son: malformación congénita de la vía aérea, secuestro pulmonar, quiste broncogénico, enfisema lobar congénito, atresia bronquial. Su diagnóstico puede realizarse desde la etapa prenatal, al momento del nacimiento, en la edad pediátrica o adulta por la aparición de síntomas o incidentalmente en pruebas radiológicas. El manejo de estas lesiones depende del tipo de malformación y de la severidad de los síntomas, por lo que se debe individualizar la conducta a seguir en cada caso. Aunque la mayoría de los autores recomienda la resección de la lesión, no existe en la actualidad un consenso sobre la indicación de cirugía, sobre todo en pacientes asintomáticos. Nuestro objetivo es describir los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y en algunos casos anatomopatológicos así como el tratamiento empleado de cuatro casos clínicos, atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel que ejemplifican las presentaciones más frecuentes de las MPC.


Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) make up a group of entities caused by alterations in the embryogenesis of the lung and the respiratory tract that occur according to the level of the tracheobronchial tree where the insult occurs or the moment of gestational age. The entities that are currently part of the CPM are: congenital malformation of the airway, pulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, congenital lobar emphysema, bronchial atresia. Its diagnosis can be made from the prenatal stage, at birth or in pediatric or adult age due to the appearance of symptoms or incidentally in radiological tests. The management of these injuries depends on the type of malformation and the severity of the symptoms, so the conduct to be followed in each case must be individualized. Although most authors recommend resection of the lesion, there is currently no consensus on the indication for surgery, especially in asymptomatic patients. Our objective is to describe the clinical, radiological and in some cases histopathological findings, as well as the treatment used in four clinical cases, treated in a tertiary level hospital that exemplify the most frequent presentations of MPC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Lung/abnormalities , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Prenatal Diagnosis , Infant, Premature , Lung Diseases/congenital
3.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 16(1): 41-47, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284223

ABSTRACT

Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) are rare and occur due to a failure in lung embryological development. They are classified according to their pathological characteristics and their anatomical origin. They can occur from the antenatal period to adulthood, can be associated with hydrops fetalis, respiratory distress, recurrent infections, or in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. In this article we carry out a scope review of the literature to answer frequent questions of the clinical teams in charge of patients with CPAM, such as the antenatal approach, the different types of surgeries and the management of asymptomatic patients. Although the indication for surgery is clear in symptomatic patients, little is known about its natural history of this condition, including the possibility of spontaneous resolution and the development of complications or neoplasm. So, the treatment of asymptomatic patients continues to be controversial. Therapeutic decisions must be made by multidisciplinary teams with the informed participation of parents and patients. In our opinion, considering the excellent results of minimally invasive surgery, its low incidence of complications, and practically zero mortality when performed by experienced groups, it seems reasonable to consider elective resection of a MCVAP in asymptomatic patients.


Las malformaciones congénitas de la vía aérea pulmonar (MCVAP) son infrecuentes y ocurren debido a una falla en el desarrollo embriológico pulmonar. Se clasifican de acuerdo con sus características patológicas y a su origen anatómico. Se pueden presentar desde el periodo antenatal hasta la adultez, asociarse a cuadros de hidrops fetal, distrés respiratorio, infecciones recurrentes, o como un hallazgo en pacientes asintomáticos. En este artículo realizamos una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria para responder dudas frecuentes de los equipos clínicos a cargo de pacientes con MCVAP, como el enfrentamiento antenatal, los distintos tipos de cirugía y su abordaje, y el manejo de pacientes asintomáticos. Si bien la indicación de cirugía es clara en pacientes sintomáticos, poco se conoce acerca de su historia natural, incluyendo la posibilidad de resolverse de forma espontánea, de complicarse o de evolucionar hacia el desarrollo de una neoplasia, por lo que el tratamiento de pacientes asintomáticos continúa siendo controversial. Las decisiones terapéuticas deben ser tomadas por equipos multidisciplinarios con la participación informada de los padres y de los pacientes. En nuestra opinión, considerando los excelentes resultados de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, su baja incidencia de complicaciones y prácticamente nula mortalidad, al ser realizada por grupos con experiencia, nos parece razonable plantear la resección electiva de una MCVAP en un paciente asintomático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Pneumonectomy , Prenatal Care , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Thoracotomy , Radiography, Thoracic , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/surgery , Respiratory System Abnormalities/classification , Respiratory System Abnormalities/embryology , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Risk , Lung/abnormalities
4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 19(1): 95-100, mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041682

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones congénitas del pulmón y de la vía aérea (MCPA) son un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones del desarrollo pulmonar. Se producen en distintas etapas de la embriogénesis, afectando al parénquima, la irrigación arterial, el drenaje venoso o una combinación de ellos. La incidencia estimada es de 1 cada 10.000 a 35.000 embarazos. Existen muchas clasificaciones, la más utilizada es la de Langston basada en la fisiopatología, que incluye a los secuestros pulmonares (SP)1, 2. Los SP son MCPA poco frecuentes; afectan predominantemente a varones. Tienen origen mixto: bronquial y arterial; se los define como una zona de tejido pulmonar embrionario no funcionante y displásico, la mayoría de los cuales se localizan en los lóbulos inferiores del pulmón. La clínica es variable. Desde el punto de vista anatómico se los clasifica en 1) secuestros intralobares (SI) y secuestros extralobares (SE); en ambos la vascularización se hace a través de una arteria sistémica anómala. Los SI se localizan en un lóbulo pulmonar, y están cubiertos por pleura visceral; su drenaje venoso se realiza a través de las venas pulmonares. Raramente se asocian con otras anomalías congénitas. Integran el listado de los secuestros típicos. Los SE tienen pleura independiente y su drenaje venoso es hacia la vena cava o ácigos. Clínicamente suelen caracterizarse por neumopatías a repetición de difícil resolución e igual ubicación. Más del 60% se asocian a otras malformaciones. El plan diagnóstico de los SP incluye técnicas de imágenes pre y posnatal. El tratamiento varía dependiendo del momento del diagnóstico, la presentación clínica, complicaciones y malformaciones asociadas. En la mayoría de los casos se recomienda la resección quirúrgica. El estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza resecada confirma el diagnóstico2- 4. Presentamos un lactante con SE, asociado a otras malformaciones


Subject(s)
Pediatrics , Congenital Abnormalities , Respiratory System Abnormalities
5.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(2): 119-126, mar.-abr. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-951299

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas son una causa poco frecuente de morbilidad neonatal. Algunas de ellas tienen un origen común, lo que permite identificar lesiones combinadas. Su diagnóstico puede realizarse de forma prenatal mediante ultrasonido, con las limitaciones de que solo se realiza en centros especializados y que depende de la pericia del operador. La asociación entre el secuestro pulmonar y la malformación congénita de la vía aérea se ha descrito aproximadamente en 40-60 casos desde 1949, cuando se observó por primera vez. Muchas lesiones no son perceptibles en la vida intrauterina. Sin embargo, en el periodo neonatal se presentan síntomas respiratorios recurrentes que en algunos casos están asociados con una malformación pulmonar. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una lactante diagnosticada con secuestro pulmonar a las 24 semanas de edad gestacional. Recibió tratamiento quirúrgico intrauterino con reporte de resolución completa de la malformación en ultrasonidos posteriores. Fue valorada por neumología pediátrica a los 4 meses de edad. Se realizó una angiotomografía y se confirmó la presencia de secuestro pulmonar, por lo que se realizó una lobectomía. El estudio histopatológico reportó secuestro pulmonar extralobar con malformación congénita de la vía aérea pulmonar tipo 2. Estas lesiones combinadas se identificaron mediante un estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento de elección fue quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Ante la confirmación de una malformación, destaca la importancia de realizar la búsqueda de otras malformaciones que pudieran estar asociadas.


Abstract Introduction: Congenital pulmonary malformations are a rare cause of neonatal morbidity. Some of them have a common origin, which allows the identification of combined lesions. Its diagnosis can be made prenatally by ultrasound, with the limitation that this study is performed in specialized centers and depends on the expertise of the operator. The association of pulmonary sequestration and congenital malformation of the airway has been described in approximately 40-60 cases since its first description in 1949. Many lesions are not perceptible in intrauterine life and in the neonatal period there are recurrent respiratory symptoms that in some cases are associated with a congenital pulmonary malformation. Case report: We report the case of a young infant, who was diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration at 24 weeks of gestational age, undergoing intrauterine surgical treatment with a report of complete resolution of the malformation in posterior ultrasounds. She was valued by pediatric pneumology at 4 months of age, where angiotomography was performed and the presence of pulmonary sequestration was confirmed by lobectomy. The histopathological study reported extralobar pulmonary sequestration with congenital malformation of the pulmonary airway type 2. These combined lesions were identified by histopathological study. The treatment of choice was surgical. Conclusions: Upon the confirmation of a malformation, we emphasize the importance of performing a screening in order to search for other that could be associated.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/diagnosis , Pneumonectomy/methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/surgery , Gestational Age , Fetal Therapies/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(2): 333-341, mar.-abr. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-910355

ABSTRACT

To determine the prevalence of diseases of the upper respiratory tract and associated factors in the Colombian Creole Horse Valley Aburrá in 2015, a random sampling of 15 farms in southern Aburrá Valley under different management conditions was performed. A total of 105 CCC underwent general clinical examination, respiratory endoscopic evaluation and a detailed inspection of housing conditions and management. A low prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases was observed, including Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia 38.1%, Recurrent Laryngeal Neurophaty 12.38%, Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate 7.62%, and presence of tracheal secretions not associated with a specific pathology. A bivariate analysis showed association between tracheal secretions and frequency of training per week (OR = 9.86), duration of the training sessions (OR = 5.55) and inadequate ventilation of the stable (OR = 10.52). Association between HLR and inadequately ventilated barns was also observed (OR = 14.9). Logistic regression showed association between tracheal secretions and inadequate ventilation (OR = 7.18). We conclude that inadequate ventilation was the most important factor for the incidence of upper respiratory tract diseases in horses at the southern area of the Aburrá Valley.(AU)


O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a prevalência das doenças do trato respiratório superior e fatores associados no cavalo Crioulo colombiano do Vale de Aburrá, em 2015. Uma amostra aleatória de 15 fazendas no sul do Vale de Aburrá, sob diferentes condições de manutenção, foi realizada. Cento e cinco CCC foram submetidos a exame clínico geral, à avaliação endoscópica respiratória e a uma inspeção detalhada das condições habitacionais. Observou-se uma baixa prevalência de doenças do trato respiratório superior, incluindo hiperplasia faríngea linfoide 38.1%, neuropatia laríngea recorrente 12.38%, deslocamento dorsal do palato mole 7.62% e presença de secreção traqueal não associada a uma patologia específica. A análise bivariada mostrou associação entre secreção traqueal e frequência de treinamento por semana (OR = 9.86), duração das sessões de treinamento (OR = 5.55) e ventilação inadequada do estábulo (OR = 10.52). Associação entre HLR e boxes inadequadamente ventilados também foi observada (OR = 14.9). A regressão logística mostrou associação entre secreção traqueal e ventilação inadequada (OR = 7.18). Conclui-se que a ventilação inadequada foi o fator mais importante para a incidência de doenças do trato respiratório superior em cavalos na zona sul do Vale do Aburrá.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Horses/abnormalities , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Prevalence
7.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 17(2): 168-170, jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-897283

ABSTRACT

La agenesia pulmonar es una malformación rara que tiene una incidencia de 34 casos por cada millón de habitantes. Para la década de los años 70, solo se habían descrito 220 casos a nivel mundial. Fue descrita originalmente por De Pozzi en el año 1673. En 1913, Schneider y Schwatbe la clasificaron en tres tipos: tipo 1 o agenesia, tipo 2 o aplasia y tipo 3 o hipoplasia. El diagnóstico se hace usualmente en la niñez, pero si el paciente permanece asintomático, puede llegar hasta la edad adulta sin un diagnóstico, lo que es infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 31 años de edad, quien fue referido a la emergencia de nuestro hospital por presentar fiebre de una semana de evolución, disnea y tos con expectoración purulenta.


Lung agenesis is an extremely rare malformation, which has an incidence of 34 cases for every million habitants. For the decade of the 1970s, there were reported only 220 cases worldwide. De Pozzi described it originally in 1673. In 1913, Schneider and Schwatbe classified it in three types: type 1 or agenesis, type 2 or aplasia and type 3 or hipoplasia. The diagnosis is usually made in childhood but if the patient remains asymptomatic, it could be made in adulthood which is infrequent. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient, who was referred to the emergency room of our hospital with fever of one week of evolution, dyspnea and cough with mucopurulent sputum.


Subject(s)
Respiratory System Abnormalities , Lung
8.
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery ; : 300-304, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-118270

ABSTRACT

A 42-year-old man was diagnosed with cancer of the right lower lung lobe with a posteparterial type of tracheal bronchus, in which the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe arose from the distal bronchus intermedius. A mass involved the distal bronchus intermedius, requiring a right lower bilobectomy with an additional posterior segmental resection of the right upper lung lobe. Thus, we performed a right lower bilobectomy and sleeve anastomosis of the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe to the proximal bronchus intermedius, sparing the pulmonary parenchyma of the same lobe.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Bronchi , Lung Neoplasms , Lung , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Trachea
9.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(3): 203-212, set. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842922

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Obesidad, sexo y edad constituyen factores que predisponen a padecer SAHOS. Con el objeto de conocer su impacto en los indicadores tradicionales de la poligrafía respiratoria (PR) se evaluaron las relaciones del índice de apneas/hipopneas (IAH), índice de desaturación (IDO) y el tiempo con menos de 90% de satuarción (T = < 90%) en pacientes clasificados según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), sexo y edad. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en 635 pacientes con SAHOS. Las variables IAH, IDO y T < 90% y sus relaciones en pacientes obesos y no obesos se analizaron utilizando el test de Kruskal-Wallis y el test de comparaciones múltiples de Dunns. Resultados: Se encontró un incremento en el IAH, relacionado con la edad en las mujeres, mientras que en los hombres fue dependiente del IMC. El tiempo de desaturación menor al 90% (T < 90%) se asoció a la obesidad en ambos sexos. La concordancia entre IAH e IDO fue mayor en aquellos pacientes con IMC < 30 y fue disminuyendo proporcionalmente al incremento del IMC tanto en hombres como en mujeres. La escala de Epworth reveló resultados similares en todos los grupos; sin embargo, el porcentaje de pacientes con alto riesgo en el cuestionario de Berlín resultó mayor en los obesos (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió comprender las diferencias del SAHOS entre hombres y mujeres, y reveló hallazgos que sugieren la importancia del rol de la oximetría en obesos. La relación entre los indicadores de la PR podría contribuir con la comprensión de la severidad del SAHOS y la obesidad.


Introduction: Obesity, sex and age are factors that predispose to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In order to understand its impact on the indicators of respiratory polygraphy (RP), this study evaluated the relationship of the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), the desaturation index (ODI) and time of less than 90% saturation (T < 90%) in patients classifed by body mass index (BMI), sex and age. Methods: Retrospective study of 635 patients with OSA. The values of IAH, ODI and T <90% and their relationships in obese and non-obese patients were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparisons tests. Results: We found an increase in the AHI, which was related to age in women and related to BMI in men. The T < 90% was associated with obesity in both, females and males. The agreement between IAH and IDO was higher in patients with BMI < 30 and it was decreasing proportionally with the increase of BMI, in both sexes. Epworth scale revealed similar results in all groups; however the percentage of high-risk obese patients in the Berlin questionnaire was higher than in non-obese patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study contributes to understand the OSA differences between men and women, and the findings suggest the important role of oximetry in obese patients. The relationship between the indicators could contribute to better understand OSA severity and obesity.


Subject(s)
Respiratory System Abnormalities , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Obesity
11.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 85(3): 166-170, ago. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768434

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones congénitas broncopulmonares representan un espectro complejo de anomalías del desarrollo anatómico broncopulmonar. Son infrecuentes, aisladas o asociadas a otras malformaciones. Se pueden revelar tardíamente o en el momento del nacimiento. El enfisema lobar congénito (ELC) se manifiesta a menudo con una dificultad respiratoria temprana en el recién nacido. El diagnóstico, que es esencialmente radiológico, muestra una hiperclaridad que no debemos confundir con otras patologías con hiperclaridad, sobre todo con un neumotórax. En la mayoría de los casos el tratamiento es quirúrgico. Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido hospitalizado desde su segundo día de vida por dificultad respiratoria relacionada con un ELC.


The lobar emphysema congenital (LEC) is a rare deformation of the lung and establishes one of the causes of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Sometimes, it can be asymptomatic and revealed later. Its origin is undefined in half of the cases. The radiography of the thorax and X-RAY are essential for the diagnosis and treatment.The lobectomy represents the treatment for symptomatic forms. We present the case of a new born child hospitalized in the second day of life for respiratory syndrome in touch with an LEC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities/therapy , Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology , Lung/abnormalities , Congenital Abnormalities , Radiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Acta méd. peru ; 31(3): 138-149, jul.-set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-735430

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En 2009, en la Región Cusco se reportaron 395 casos confirmados de nueva influenza A(H1N1) -NIAH1N1-, 15 defunciones, con alta tasa de letalidad (3,8 %). Los efectos posteriores al cuadro agudo son los temas menos investigados, aunque es importante estudiar la presencia de disfunción respiratoria a seis meses de seguimiento. Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados (FRA) a la presencia y características de las alteraciones respiratorias clínicas, espirométricas y radiográficas al sexto mes de seguimiento en sujetos con antecedente de infección por la NIAH1N1. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal, en 118 pacientes mayores de 14 años, seis meses después de haber tenido un cuadro de NIAH1N1, confirmado por PCRrt, sin antecedente de afección pulmonar previa en 2009. Resultados. Casi 7 de cada 10 sujetos presentó alguna alteración, las espirométrica y clínica fueron las más frecuentes. La patología de riesgo asociada (RP = 4,11 [IC95% = 2,49-6,78], p = 0,0000002), la demora en el inicio del tratamiento antiviral específico (RP = 4,56 [IC95% = 2,48-8,37], p = 0,0000001) y la presencia de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) (RP = 11,35 [IC95% = 4,2730,17], p = 0,0000000) son FRA a alteraciones clínicas; la patología de riesgo asociada (RP = 12,52 [IC95% = 2,7-58,08], p = 0,00003), un FRA a alteración radiográfica; la presencia de IRAG (RP = 1,33 [IC95% = 1,02-1,74], p = 0,04), un FRA a alteración espirométrica. Conclusiones. La NIAH1N1 produce alteraciones clínicas, espirométricas y radiográficas a seis meses de presentado el cuadro agudo, y los FRA son patología de riesgo asociada, demora en el inicio del tratamiento antiviral específico y presencia de IRAG, que deben ser considerados para el tratamiento apropiado, y realizar el seguimiento respectivo y prevenir estas alteraciones.


Background. In 2009, in Cusco region was reported 395 cases of Novel Influenza A(H1N1), 15 deaths (lethality rate = 3,8 %), becoming serious public health problem. The post-acute effects are least investigated topics, and still scarce literature; to be important, to study the presence of respiratory dysfunction at six months follow-up. Objective. To determine the risk factors associated (RFA) to clinical respiratory disorder, spirometric and x-ray abnormalities, observed after sixth month follow-up in patients with influenza AH1N1. Methods. A cross sectional study was developed in 118 patients over 14 years old, six months after having influenza AH1N1 confirmed by PCRrt test, no history of lung disease before 2009. Results. Nearly 7 of every 10 of patients had some type of modifications, the spirometric and clinical disorders were most frequent. The disease of risk associated (PR = 4,11 [95%IC = 2,49-6,78], p = 0,0000002), the delay in specific antiviral treatment (PR = 4,56 [95%IC = 2,48-8,37], p = 0,0000001), and the presence of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) (PR = 11,35 [95%IC = 4,27-30,17], p = 0,0000000) were the RFA to clinical respiratory disorder. The disease of risk associated (PR = 12,52 [95%IC = 2,7-58,08], p = 0,00003) was associated to radiographic abnormalities. The presence of SARI (PR = 1,33 [95%IC = 1,02-1,74], p = 0,04) was associated to spirometric abnormalities. Conclusions. The influenza AH1N1 produces clinical respiratory, spirometric and radiographic abnormalities; which are present six months after the acute episode. There are RFA how the disease of risk associated, delay in the specific treatment, and presence of SARI, that require consideration, to give appropriate treatment and the respective follow, and prevent these abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Respiratory System Abnormalities , Risk Factors , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
13.
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases ; : 295-298, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-107316

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary systemic arterialization to normal basal lung without sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly. In this rare abnormality, arterialization of the left lower lobe is the most common type. In general, surgical treatments have been performed. Recently, for reducing the complications and risks of surgery, embolization is mainly attempted by using coils. We report a case of 22-year-old male patient with a 10 mm anomalous arterial supply to his normal lung, which is being successfully treated by transcatheter embolization when using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug that has been adapted for the treatment of high-flows and large artery occlusions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Arteries , Embolization, Therapeutic , Lung , Pulmonary Artery , Respiratory System Abnormalities
14.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 29(3): 155-161, set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-696586

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos de pacientes tratados por secuestro pulmonar en el Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, entre los años 2000 y 2012. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital entre el año 2000 y 2012 con diagnóstico de secuestro pulmonar confirmado por anatomía patológica. Resultados: Se registraron 16pacientes, 8 niños y 8 niñas. Del total 9 fueron secuestros extralobares y 7 intralobares. La sospecha diagnóstica fue por imagen de neumonía persistente en el 44 por ciento de los casos, distrés respiratorio neonatal en el 25 por ciento, ecografía antenatal en el 19 por ciento y neumonía repetida en el 12 por ciento. El 75 por ciento de los secuestros estaba ubicado en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo, el 19 por ciento en lóbulo inferior derecho y el 6 por ciento en lóbulo superior derecho. La técnica quirúrgica de elección fue la toracotomía abierta. El 56 por ciento de los pacientes se operó antes del año de vida (31,5 por ciento antes de las 2 semanas de vida). La evolución postoperatoria fue buena en el 69 por ciento de los casos, mientras que un 12,5 por ciento presentó atelectasia, 12,5 por ciento fístula broncopleural y 6 por ciento neumotórax residual. La mediana de estadía hospitalaria fue de 9 días. No se registró mortalidad. Conclusiones: Se presenta la experiencia de esta patología en el Hospital Roberto del Río enfatizándose la importancia de la sospecha diagnóstica.


Objective: To describe our experience with sixteen children treated for pulmonary sequestration at the Children 's Hospital Roberto del Rio, between 2000 and 2012. Method: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical charts of all those patients up to 15 years old, who were treated for pathologically proven pulmonary sequestration in our hospital, between 2000 and 2012. Results: Sixteen patients were recorded, 8 boys and 8 girls that were diagnosed and/or treated between the newborn period and 14 years old. Nine of them had extralobar sequestration and 7 intralobar. The diagnosis was suspected for persisting pneumonia in 44%, neonatal respiratory distress in 25%, prenatal ultrasound in 19%, and recurrent pneumonia in 12%. Seventy-five percent of sequestrations were located in the left lower lobe, 19% in the right lower lobe and 6% in the right upper lobe and all of them were operated via thoracotomy. Fifty-six percent underwent surgery before one year of age (31.5% before 2 weeks of life) and 69% of patients did well postoperatively. Postoperative atelectasis were detected in 12.5%, bronchopleural fistula in 12.5% and residual pneumothorax in 6%. The average hospital stay was 9 days and no mortality was registered. Conclusions: Our experience is similar to the previously reported series and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in the treatment of pulmonary sequestration in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/epidemiology , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Comorbidity , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Clinical Evolution , Radiography, Thoracic , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/surgery , Length of Stay , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Thoracotomy
15.
Korean Journal of Pediatrics ; : 439-445, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-114876

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. METHODS: The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean newborns in the prospective COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases were examined. The primary outcome variable of interest was the prevalence of RTI at 6-month follow-up, as diagnosed by pediatricians and pediatric allergy and pulmonology specialists. RTI included acute nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. RESULTS: The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 32.0 nmol/L (interquartile range, 21.4 to 53.2). One hundred and eighty neonates (34.3%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25.0 nmol/L, 292 (55.6%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations of 25.0-74.9 nmol/L, and 53 (10.1%) showed concentrations of > or =75.0 nmol/L. Adjusting for the season of birth, multivitamin intake during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with the risk of acquiring acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age (P for trend=0.0004). CONCLUSION: The results show that 89.9% of healthy newborns in Korea are born with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (55.6% and 34.3%, respectively). Cord blood vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in healthy neonates is associated with an increased risk of acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age. More time spent outdoors and more intensified vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women may be needed to prevent the onset of acute nasopharyngitis in infants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Asthma , Bronchiolitis , Cohort Studies , Croup , Fetal Blood , Follow-Up Studies , Hypersensitivity , Korea , Nasopharyngitis , Otitis Media , Parturition , Pregnant Women , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Respiratory Tract Infections , Seasons , Specialization , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Vitamin D
16.
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ; (12): 759-762, 2013.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-241427

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and compare the diagnostic values of bronchoscopy and multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) for congenital dysplasia of the respiratory system in infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analysis was performed on the clinical data, bronchoscopic findings and multi-slice spiral CT findings of 319 infants (≤1 years old) who underwent bronchoscopy and/or multi-slice spiral CT and were diagnosed with congenital dysplasia of the respiratory system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 476 cases of congenital dysplasia of the respiratory system were found in the 319 infants, including primary dysplasia of the respiratory system (392 cases) and compressive dysplasia of the respiratory system (84 cases). Of the 392 cases of primary dysplasia of the respiratory system, 225 (57.4%) were diagnosed by bronchoscopy versus 167 (42.6%) by multi-slice spiral CT. There were significant differences in etiological diagnosis between bronchoscopy and multi-slice spiral CT in infants with congenital dysplasia of the respiratory system (P<0.05). All 76 cases of primary dysplasia of the respiratory system caused by tracheobronchomalacia were diagnosed by bronchoscopy and all 17 cases of primary dysplasia of the respiratory system caused by lung tissue dysplasia were diagnosed by multi-slice spiral CT. Of the 84 cases of compressive dysplasia of the respiratory system, 74 cases were diagnosed by multi-slice spiral CT and only 10 cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with multi-slice spiral CT, bronchoscopy can detect primary dysplasia of the respiratory system more directly. Bronchoscopy is valuable in the confirmed diagnosis of tracheobronchomalacia. Multi-slice spiral CT has a higher diagnostic value for lung tissue dysplasia than bronchoscopy.</p>


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Bronchoscopy , Methods , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Diagnosis , Tracheobronchomalacia , Diagnosis
17.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 76(1): 9-28, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740562

ABSTRACT

Aunque la ecografía (US) es el método de elección en la evaluación del feto, la resonancia magnética (RM) es una técnica complementaria a la US en el diagnóstico de las anomalías fetales. Entre las ventajas de la RM se destacan un excelente contraste tisular, un campo de visión grande y una relativa operador-independencia. La mayoría de los trabajos previos de RM fetal han estudiado el sistema nerviodo central (SNC). Sin embargo, la RM es útil en la evaluación de las anomalías torácicas y abdominales. En este artículo se muestran los diferentes aspectos por RM de las anomalías fetales torácicas y abdominales y se discuten las indicaciones y ventajas de la RM fetal...


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fetus , Cysts/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
18.
Neumol. pediátr ; 7(2): 58-60, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708231

ABSTRACT

Tracheal bronchus is considered an anatomical variant or bronchial malformation. Its clinical manifestations are rare, and are due to a failure to drain bronchial secretions. Anatomically it may be a supernumerary or ectopic bronchus. His diagnosis is made by direct visualization of images and airway. Generally its treatment is expectant.


El bronquio traqueal es considerado como una variante anatómica o malformación bronquial. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son infrecuentes, y se deben a una falla para el adecuado drenaje de secreciones bronquiales. Anatómicamente puede tratarse de un bronquio supernumerario o ectópico. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante imágenes y visualización directa de la vía aérea. En general su tratamiento es expectante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities/therapy , Bronchi/abnormalities , Trachea/abnormalities , Respiratory System Abnormalities/embryology , Bronchoscopy
19.
The Nigerian Health Journal ; 12(3): 82-85, 2012.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1272834

ABSTRACT

Essential hypertension has emerged as the commonest cardiovascular disorder in developing countries especially in Sub Saharan Africa. Blacks are known to suffer more severe hypertension and develop complications early. Some of the complications of hypertension can be detected early through non-invasive electrocardiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypertension related abnormalities on the electrocardiograph of patients with untreated hypertension.Methodology: A detailed prospective analysis of the electrocardiographic tracing of all patients with untreated essential hypertension at first presentation over a six month period was undertaken. The patients were recruited from the medical outpatient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.Result: A total of eighty three adult Nigerians aged 18years to 90 years who presented with untreated essential hypertension over the six months study period had their ECGs analyzed. There were thirty three males and fifty females (0.7:1); mean systolic blood pressure was 192.78+38.4mmHg and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 116.6+16.9mmHg. Sixty percent (60.22) had normal rhythm; and forty percent had various rhythm abnormalities; 77.6 had normal axis while 22.4 had left axis deviation; 45.8 had repolarisation abnormalities; 25.3 had evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and 26.5 had various ventricular arrhythmias.Conclusion: Adult Nigerians presenting with hypertension for the first time have significant rhythm and structural abnormalities that should influence their clinical management and drug treatment choice. ECG is an important investigation and should be a mandatory evaluation for all newly presenting hypertensives


Subject(s)
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm , Cardiovascular Diseases , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Hypertension , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular , Nigeria , Respiratory System Abnormalities
20.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 22(4): 3371-3374, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-619389

ABSTRACT

Las anormalidades congénitas pulmonares constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones del desarrollo pulmonar, y muchas de ellas son asintomáticas; sin embargo, es importante conocerlas, pues deben entrar en el diagnóstico diferencial de aquellos pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria. Algunas de estas lesiones pueden coexistir, al punto de que el secuestro pulmonar puede presentarse con malformación adenomatoide quística tipo II en más del 50 de los casos. Aunque el diagnóstico definitivo para este tipo de lesiones es histológico, las imágenes desempeñan un papel importante para un acercamiento inicial. La historia natural de estas malformaciones pulmonares depende del tamaño de la masa pulmonar y el problema fisiológico que esta cause. La tomografía computarizada de multidetectores ha ampliado el conocimiento de la anatomía pulmonar y mejora la visualización del árbol traqueobronquial en la población pediátrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Diagnostic Imaging , Lung Diseases , Respiratory System Abnormalities
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